Dormant Seeding Warm Season Grasses & Wildflowers

In November and December, after 2-3 hard freezes,  the soil temperatures will be too cold for germination, making it an ideal time for dormant seeding in the Midwest. Why, seed in fall you ask? Seeding during this time allows for natural stratification over the winter, which can improve germination rates. 

Despite its many advantages, sowing in late fall comes with the risk of an early spring weed invasion. Weeds can be managed during the establishment year with timely mowing. Mowing above the height of desired plants can effectively keep weeds in check in a mixed-prairie setting.

If a site has a history of being exceptionally weedy, or contains any etsablished cool-season turf, it is best to wait until spring. Refer to our "When to plant Wildflowers" or "When to plant Prairie Grasses" articles for more information.

Preparation

Before starting any seeding project, it is crucial to remove undesirable plants. Aggressive species, such as cool-season sod-forming grasses or other perennial weeds.

Options for weed control ahead of dormant seeding include herbicide application or repeated tillage (multiple shallow passes, <2 inches). If the site has a history of weed issues, consider planting in mid-to-late spring to allow more time to eliminate weeds prior to seeding.

Planting

For optimal seed-to-soil contact, planting into clean, firm soil that is free of clods is essential. A firm seedbed will also prevent seeds from being planted too deeply. The recommended depth for prairie grass seeds is between ¼ to ½ inch, while wildflower seeds should be sown at ¼ inch or less, ensuring good contact with the soil.

Most seed drills feature packer wheels or a culti-packer to firm the soil after sowing. When broadcast seeding, it’s important to incorporate the seeds into the soil using a rake, harrow, or straight disk, followed by rolling or packing the soil to ensure the seeds are situated firmly in the soil.

Weigh these considerations carefully when deciding when to seed. For additional guidance, refer to the "How to Plant Prairie Grasses" or "How to Plant Wildflowers" articles on the Stock Seed Farms website. These resources offer further insight into site preparation and planting.